L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2]

L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2] is a labeled amino acid used extensively in metabolic and biochemical research. Here are some key applications of L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2]:

Metabolic Flux Analysis: L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2] is used in metabolic flux analysis to study the pathways of glutamine metabolism in cells. By tracking the incorporation of the labeled carbons, researchers can determine the flow of metabolites through different biochemical pathways. This helps in understanding cellular metabolism and identifying potential metabolic bottlenecks.

Isotope Tracing Studies: In isotope tracing studies, L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2] allows scientists to trace the fate of glutamine in various cellular processes. By analyzing the distribution of the labeled carbons in metabolic products, researchers gain insights into nutrient utilization and energy production. This is crucial for studying cancer metabolism and other metabolic disorders.

Protein Turnover and Synthesis: L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2] can be used to investigate protein turnover and synthesis rates in cells. By incorporating the labeled amino acid into newly synthesized proteins, researchers can measure protein synthesis rates and degradation pathways. This application is important for understanding cellular protein homeostasis and the effects of various treatments on protein dynamics.

NMR Spectroscopy: L-Glutamine-[3,4-13C2] is utilized in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the structure and dynamics of proteins and metabolites. The labeled carbons enhance the sensitivity and resolution of NMR signals, facilitating detailed structural analysis. This technique is essential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of enzyme function and substrate interactions.